The Moderating Role of Gender in the Relationship between E-health Literacy and Cyberchondria

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Assistant Professor, Department of Health Management, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Türkiye.

2 MSc Student, Department of Health Management, Institute of Social Sciences, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Türkiye.

Abstract

Background and Objectives: This study explores whether gender moderates the link between cyberchondria and e-health literacy, the digital forms of hypochondriasis and health literacy. Observed gender-based differences in health literacy and health information-seeking behaviors, which suggest that gender may influence this relationship, are what spurred the study. Although it has been demonstrated that e-health literacy improves access to health-related information, its effects on cyberchondria remain unclear, especially when gender differences are taken into consideration. This study fills a gap in the literature by examining the under-researched moderating role of gender in this relationship, offering a novel perspective on digital health behaviors.

Materials and Methods: Between March and May 2023, a cross-sectional online survey was conducted in Türkiye using convenience sampling. The study included 316 adults (44.9% men, 55.1% women). Data were collected using the Socio-Demographic Characteristics Form, e-Health Literacy Scale, and Cyberchondria Severity Scale, and analyzed using t-tests, ANOVA, correlation, and moderation analysis.

Results: The study found moderate e-health literacy (mean = 28.59 ± 5.81) and cyberchondria (mean = 32.77 ± 8.53) levels. Gender and marital status significantly affected cyberchondria, with males and married individuals reporting higher severity. A weak positive correlation existed between e-health literacy and cyberchondria (r = 0.208, p < 0.001). Gender moderated this relationship: higher e-health literacy predicted increased cyberchondria in males (β = 0.600, p < 0.001) but not in females.

Conclusion: This study shows that e-health literacy may increase the risk of cyberchondria, especially among men, who process online health information more anxiously than women, who use more adaptive strategies. Marital status also influences cyberchondria levels, with married individuals having higher levels. These results highlight the need for gender-sensitive digital health initiatives and customized coping approaches. Future research should examine additional factors, such as personality and coping mechanisms.  

Keywords

Acknowledgements: The authors thank all participants for their involvement and valuable time, as well as the reviewers for their constructive suggestions.


Availability of data and materials: Data will be available on request from the corresponding author. 


Conflicts of interest: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. 


Consent for publication: Not applicable. 


Ethical approval and consent to participate: The study was conducted with the permission of Dicle University Social and Humanities Ethics Committee (Date:17.02.2023, Decision No: 51). All procedures complied with the principles laid down in the Declaration of Helsinki. 


Funding: The authors declared that this study has received no financial support.


Authors’ contribution: HD and HO designed the study, HO collected the data, HD analyzed the data, HD and HO wrote the manuscript. Both authors read and approved the final manuscript.

 

Open Access Policy: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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